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INTRODUCTION

We have been harnessing the wind's energy for hundreds of years. From old Holland to farms in the 

American windmill

United States, windmills have been used for pumping water or grinding grain. Today, the windmill's 

modern equivalent - a wind turbine - can use the wind's energy to generate electricity.

Wind turbines, like windmills, are mounted on a tower to capture the most energy. At 100 feet (30 

meters) or more aboveground, they can take advantage of the faster and less turbulent wind. 

Turbines catch the wind's energy with their propeller-like blades. Usually, two or three blades are 

mounted on a shaft to form a rotor.

A blade acts much like an airplane wing. When the wind blows, a pocket of low-pressure air forms 

on the downwind side of the blade. The low-pressure air pocket then pulls the blade toward it, 

Dutch windmill

causing the rotor to turn. This is called lift. The force of the lift is actually much stronger than the 

wind's force against the front side of the blade, which is called drag. The combination of lift and drag 

causes the rotor to spin like a propeller, and the turning shaft spins a generator to make electricity.

Wind turbines can be used as stand-alone applications, or they can be connected to a utility power 

grid or even combined with a photovoltaic (solar cell) system. For utility-scale sources of wind 

Wind farm

energy, a large number of wind turbines are usually built close together to form awind plant. Several 

electricity providers today use wind plants to supply power to their customers.

Stand-alone wind turbines are typically used for water pumping or communications. However, 

homeowners, farmers, and ranchers in windy areas can also use wind turbines as a way to cut their 

electric bills.Small wind systems also have potential as distributed energy resources. Distributed energy 

resources refer to a variety of small, modular power-generating technologies that can be combined 

to improve the operation of the electricity delivery system.Wind farm Dutch windmill American windmill

ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUE

What are the effects of wind turbines on the environment, including impact on humans, 
animals as well as carbon- and energy savings? The areas of concern specific to wind 
development projects are:

NOISES VISUAL IMPACT BIRDS AND BATS 

 Aerodynamic noise
 Shaft noise
 Gearbox noise 
 The height wind turbines are highly visible structures in any landscape.
 The rotational speed of larger turbines is lower. So it is not attractive of human eyes. 

COLLISIONS 

 Wind farm developers ought to keep minimum distances to bird conservation areas and breeding grounds 
of sensitive species.
 Statistically, one birdwill die for two turbines.
 Huge pressure changes around wind turbines can cause serious internal damages to birds and bats.

RECOMMENDATIONS
 increasing thevisibility of rotorblade
 using white flashing lights to warn air traffic

VIDEO
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=f2cb7u7d5_c

LANDSIDES

Vestas Wind Systems A/S’s 415-foot-tall wind turbines operate at the Sacramento Municipal 
Utility District (SMUD) 102-megawatt wind farm in Rio Vista, Calif. (Ken James / Bloomberg)
Wind energy currently meets a mere 1.5% of global electricity generation. 

But scientists foresee a lot of potential in this alternative energy source. Asian countries are also trying to embrace clean and green energy. South Korea is going for an ambitious off-shore wind farm amounting to $8.3 billion. This project will be executed at the western coast of the Korean peninsula taking a 
time period of ten years

Korean

A fresh-water wind farm is taking shape at Lake Erie and when completed will provide 20 
megawatts and get on to about one gigawatt power by 2020. Huge individual turbines 300 feet 
tall, to be built by GE will be erected off Ohio, Cleveland. Better designs: These are special 
gearless super-efficient turbines, with three 176-foot long blades, which run with the help of a
giant ring of magnets. The blades are longer due to strategically placed carbon fibre, and lighter too. Many moving parts like gearbox, coils and starter brushes are eliminated with resultant reduced maintenance. The giant magnetic ring array helps the turbine generate power even at very low speed. 
Some of the African regions are so hot that unless you're are accustomed to that climate it is not possible 

Kenya

for your to survive. Extreme temperatures also generate extreme winds and perhaps this is the reason wind farms have great potential in Africa. Some 365 giant wind turbines will be installed in desert around Lake Turkana in northern Kenya to create the biggest wind farm in Africa. Once completed -- tentatively in 2012 -- the £533m project, backed by the African Development Bank, will have a capacity of 300MW, a quarter of Kenya's current installed power and one of the highest proportions of wind energy to be fed in a national grid anywhere in the world

FACTORS

Wind

It being a wind turbine, its output first most depends on the wind. Both the speed and force of the wind can be deciding factors. The more wind speed and force you have got, the greater is the amount of power your wind turbine generates. Different regions have different wind speeds. You can gather the available wind dynamics data and using a model like Webull Distribution you can calculate how effective the wind of a particular region is going to be.

Height 

Places of higher altitudes have more wind due to various atmospheric factors. Besides, at higher places there is less obstruction from the surrounding hills, trees and building. In fact the height is so important that alternative energy scientists and engineers are trying to use kites (due to the heights they can easily reach) to tap the wind power.

Rotor

The amount of energy produced by your wind turbine is proportional to the size of the rotor used, when all other factors have been taken into consideration. A bigger rotor certainly generates more power. Although it may cost more, in the long run, whenever you are getting a wind turbine erected, go for a big a rotor as possible.

Cost of Materials

The cost of the materials used in the construction of a wind turbine obviously have a significant impact on the cost of the turbine because the cost of those materials is included in the production cost of the turbine.

Geographic Location of Wind Turbines

Average wind speed varies with geographic location, wind turbines generate more electricity as wind speed increases, and less as wind speed decreases. Wind consistency also varies with geographic location, the longer the wind blows at a given speed, the more a wind turbine in that area will generate.

Effect of Winter on Wind Power Generation

During the winter, in some locations, wind speed increases which affects wind power production

HOW IT IS WORK??

Wind is a form of solar energy and is a result of the uneven heating of the atmosphere by the sun, the irregularities of the earth's surface, and the rotation of the earth. Wind flow patterns and speeds vary greatly and are modified by bodies of water, vegetation, and differences in terrain. Humans use this wind flow, or motion energy, for many purposes: sailing, flying a kite, and even generating electricity.

The terms wind energy or wind power describe the process by which the wind is used to generate mechanical power or electricity. Wind turbines convert the kinetic energy in the wind into mechanical power. This mechanical power can be used for specific tasks (such as grinding grain or pumping water) or a generator can convert this mechanical power into electricity.

Wind turbines operate on a simple principle.Energy in the wind turns two or three propeller-like blades around a rotor. The rotor is connected to the main shaft, which spins a generator to create electricity. Wind turbines are mounted on a tower to capture the most energy. At 100 feet (30 meters) or more above ground, they can take advantage of faster and less turbulent wind. Wind turbines can be used to produce electricity for a single home or building, or they can be connected to an electricity grid for more widespread electricity distribution. 

Wind turbine are often grouped together into a single wind power plant, also known as wind farm and generate bulk electrical power. Electricity from these turbines is fed into a utility grid and distributed to customers just as with conventional power plants.

Wind turbines are available in a variety of sizes, and therefore power ratings. The largest machine has blades that span more than the length of a football field, stands 20 building stories high, and produces enough electricity to power 1,400 homes. A small home-sized wind machine has rotors between 8 and 25 feet in diameter and stands upwards of 30 feet and can supply the power needs of an all-electric home or small business. Utility-scale turbines range in size from 50 to 750 kilowatts. Single small turbines, below 50 kilowatts, are used for homes, telecommunications dishes, or water pumping